The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has raised an urgent alarm over the increasing spread of multiple infectious diseases across the country, warning of serious public health risks if immediate action is not taken.
In a public health alert issued on Friday and published on its official website, the agency listed cholera, dengue fever, Mpox, diphtheria, and yellow fever as ongoing outbreaks that require urgent national attention and coordinated response.
According to data from epidemiological week 26 (June 23–29, 2025), suspected cholera cases have been reported in 34 states, with Zamfara State alone accounting for 32% of the total cases.
Other states significantly affected include Bayelsa, Adamawa, Delta, Lagos, and Rivers.
Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a potentially life-threatening illness that can lead to severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and death if not promptly treated, NCDC warned.
The NCDC confirmed a dengue fever outbreak in Edo State between June 9 and 13, following laboratory investigations.
The disease, like yellow fever, is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and is exacerbated by poor sanitation and climate-related factors.
Yellow fever cases have also been confirmed in Abia, Anambra, Edo, Ekiti, Lagos, and Rivers states, with seven cases verified so far.
The NCDC emphasized that vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure against yellow fever.
“Nigeria is already experiencing a rising incidence of cholera, while yellow fever and dengue fever are beginning to be detected in some states,” the NCDC stated.
The agency also highlighted that Mpox and diphtheria continue to pose significant health threats. Mpox typically causes fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, while diphtheria can lead to severe throat infections, breathing difficulties, and even death in severe cases.
In light of the current outbreaks, the NCDC called for heightened vigilance and coordinated response from all stakeholders, including healthcare providers, government agencies, and the general public.
The agency advised Nigerians to adopt preventive measures such as: eliminating mosquito breeding sites, sleeping under insecticide-treated nets,
using mosquito repellents, maintaining high standards of personal and environmental hygiene, and avoiding self-medication.
The NCDC further warned that symptoms of dengue and yellow fever can mimic malaria, making timely testing and appropriate treatment essential for effective disease management.